Question

Name the parts of the flower that develops after fertilization into

(i) Seed (ii) Fruit

Answer 1

Following fertilization of a flower, the following events happen: -

1. The ovule transforms into a seed
2. The ovary transforms into fruit

Fertilization in plants: -

1. After pollination and germination, sexual reproduction in plants takes place during fertilization. The joining of the male gametes (pollen) and the female gametes (ovum) to create a diploid zygote is known as fertilization.
2. After the carpel has been pollinated, a physical-chemical process takes place. The entire sequence of this procedure occurs in the zygote before it matures into a seed.
3. Flowers, the reproductive organs of angiosperms, play a crucial part in the fertilization process (flowering plants). In plants, the process of fertilization takes place when haploid gametes combine to form a diploid zygote.
4. Through pollinators (honey bees, birds, bats, butterflies, and flower beetles), male gametes are transmitted into the female reproductive organs during fertilization, and the result is the development of the embryo in a seed.

Fertilization process:

1. In flowers, the pollen grain germinates after the carpel has been pollinated, growing into the style and paving the way for it to descend to the ovary.
2. Through the micropyle, the pollen tube enters the ovule and bursts into the embryo sac.
3. Inside the ovule, the male nucleus joins with the egg nucleus to produce a diploid zygote, which eventually enlarges and transforms into a fruit.

Types of fertilisation: -

Three different methods of fertilization can be distinguished, primarily dependent on how the pollen tube enters the ovule. These are: -

Porogamy

1. All angiosperms, or blooming plants, typically fertilize through this method.
2. The pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle in this method of fertilization.

Chalazogamy

1. All Casuarina species of plants receive this form of fertilization.
2. In this circumstance, the pollen tube passes through the ovule and into the cell.

Mesogamy

1. All Cucurbit plants, including pumpkin, ridge gourds, bitter gourds, and other gourd plants, exhibit this sort of fertilization.
2. The pollen tube enters the ovule by its centre or through its integuments in this method of fertilization.