Name the proceses from which chlorine is obtained as a by product. What will happen if an aqueous solution of NaCl is subjected to elefctrolysis?

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(1) Down's process for the manufacture fo Na metal When molten NaCl is subjected to electrolysis, chlorine is obtained as a by product at anode because in molten state only $N a^{4}$ and $C Γ$ ions are prescent.

$2 N a C l (l) M o l t e n E l e c t r o l y s i s - ------ \to 2 N a_{m e l t} + 2 C l_{m e l t}$
$A t c a l t h o d e 2 N a_{m e l t}^{+} + 2 e^{-} ⟶ 2 N a (s)$
$A t a n o d e 2 C l_{m e l t}^{-} ⟶ C l_{2} + 2 e^{-}$
(2) Manufacture of NaOH When aqueous solution of NaCl is electrolysed $H^{+}$ ions are recduced in preference to Na at cothode and $H_{2}$ gas is released. $N a^{+}$ remains in the solutiion and form NaOH with $O H^{-}$ ions. Chlorine gas is obtained at anode as a by product,
$N a C l A q u e o u s (a q) ⟶ N a^{+} (a q) + C l^{-} (a q)$
$H_{2} O ⇌ H^{+} (a q) + O H^{-} (a q)$
At cathode $2 H_{2} O (l) + 2 e^{-} ⟶ H_{2} (g) + 2 O H^{-} (a q)$
At anode $C l^{-} (a q) ⟶ C l (g) + e^{-}$
$2 C l (g) ⟶ C l_{2} (g)$
$H_{2}$ gas is obtained at cathode; chlorine gas $C l_{2}$ at anode (as by oproduct) and NaOH si formed in the solution.

$N a^{+} (a q) + O H^{-} (a q) ⟶ N a O H (a q)$

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