Name the processes from which chlorine is obtained as a by-product. What will happen if an aqueous solution of $N a C l$ is subjected to electrolysis?

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Solution

(1) In Down's process for the manufacture of sodium, the electrolysis of NaCl gives chlorine as a byproduct.
$N a C l (l) E l e c t r o l y s i s - ------ \to N a^{+} (m e l t) + C l^{-} (m e l t)$
At anode : $C l^{-} (m e l t) \to C l (g) + e^{-}$
$C l (g) + C l (g) \to C l_{2} (g)$
At cathode : $N a^{+} (m e l t) + e^{-} \to N a (s)$
(2) In Castner Kellner cell, electrolysis of brine solution is carried out to manufacture NaOH (caustic soda). Chlorine is obtained as a byproduct.

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