Question

Name the pulmonary disease in which the alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage to the alveolar walls.

• A. Asthma
• B. Pneumonia
• C. Emphysema
• D. Pleurisy

Answer 1

The correct option is C

Emphysema

The correct option is C.

Explanation of correct option:

1. Emphysema is a long-term condition in which the respiratory surface is dramatically reduced due to damage to the alveolar walls.
2. After expiration, the wall separating nearby alveoli breaks down, and the air stays filled.
3. One of the leading causes is cigarette smoking.

Explanation of incorrect options:

Option A:

1. Asthma is an allergic condition in which the bronchioles constrict due to smooth muscle spasms, making it difficult to exhale.

Option B:

1. Pneumonia is a lung condition characterized by inflammation of the lungs and mucus accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, making breathing difficult.

Option D:

1. Pleurisy is a condition in which the pleural membranes become inflamed. Between the pleural membranes, there is an accumulation of fluid. This causes a strong chest ache and makes breathing difficult.

Final answer: In emphysema, the alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced.