Dear Student,
a. Italy basically had several dynastic states and a multi-national Habsburg dynasty.
b. Italy was divided into seven states in the middle of the 19th century.
c. It was Sardinia-Piedmont, which was ruled by an Italian princely house
d. Northern part of Italy was under Austrian Habsburgs.
e Centre part was as ruled by the Pope
f. Its southern regions were under Bourbon kings of Spain.
Regards