Name the substances in each case which causes:
(i) Temporary hardness in water
(ii) Permanent hardness in water

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Solution

(i) Temporary hardness in water
It is caused by bicarbonates of calcium $[Ca {({HCO}_{3})}_{2}]$ and magnesium $[M g {(H C O_{3})}_{2}]$ . This hardness can be removed can be easily removed by boiling.
(ii) Permanent hardness in water
It is caused due to the presence of chlorides and sulphates of calcium $({CaCl}_{2}, {CaSO}_{4})$ and Magnesium $({MgCl}_{2}, {MgSO}_{4})$ . This hardness cannot be removed by boiling.

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