Question

Name two essential compatibility tests to be performed before undertaking any organ grafting or transplantation.

Answer 1

Organ grafting or transplant is the process of moving organs from the donor to the recipient in a case when the recipient has a dysfunctional organ. In order to perform a successful transplant, the following compatibility tests have to be performed:

1. ABO compatibility test- In this test, the antigens present on the surface of red blood cells. This test involves testing the blood group compatibility of the donor and the recipient.

2. HLA compatibility test- Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) are the proteins that recognize the foreign agents to the immune system. Every individual has a unique HLA complex. They are responsible for differentiating 'self' from 'non-self'. So, their compatibility is also a requirement before transplantation.