Question

Name various plant hormones. Also, give their physiological effects on plant growth and development.

Answer 1

Plant hormones:

1. Chemical substances known as plant hormones are found in extremely small amounts in plants. They are adenine (Cytokinins), indole (auxins), terpenes (Gibberellins), carotenoids (Abscisic Acid), and gas derivatives (Ethylene).
2. Almost every portion of the plant produces these hormones, which are then sent to other areas of the plant.
   They could work together or separately. Different hormones can play either complementary or antagonistic roles.
3. Along with external conditions, hormones are crucial in processes like vernalization, phototropism, seed germination, dormancy, etc.

Different plant hormones:

1. Auxins - stimulate cell growth and differentiation, particularly at plant tips. It regulates how plants react to light.
2. Cytokinin - encourages plant cell division and lateral development. It aids in the division of seeds and fruits at a quick rate.
3. Gibberellins - aid in the emergence of seeds and buds from dormancy. It is suitable for the production of seedless fruits.
4. Abscisic acid - increases seed and bud dormancy. It encourages withering and leaf fall.
5. Ethylene - aids in the ripening of fruits.