Nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by the distillation of a dilute solution of $H N O_{3}$ . State the reason. [2 MARKS]

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Solution

Reason: 2 Marks

Nitric acid forms a constant boiling mixture with water containing 68% acid. This mixture boils constantly at the constant boiling point $(121 \circ C)$ without any change in its composition. At this temperature, the gas and the water vapour escape together. Hence, the composition of the solution remains unchanged. That is why, nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by the distillation of dilute solution of $H N O_{3}$ .

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Q. (a) Nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by the distillation of a dilute solution of HNO₃. State the reason.
(b) How can 68% nitric acid be concentrated to 98% nitric acid?

Q. Assertion :Nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by boiling. Reason: Nitric acid usually consist of maximum boiling azetrope of nitric acid and water

Give reason for the following:
Dilute hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated by distilling (boiling) the dilute acid.

Explain the reason why:
(i) HCl gas fumes in moist air.
(ii) Dilute HCl cannot be concentrated beyond 22.2% by distillation.
(iii) Dilute acids are stronger electrolytes as compared to concentrated acid.
(iv) Liquid ammonia has no action on litmus while liquor ammonia has an effect.
(v) Ammonia is not collected over water.
(vi) Pure nitric acid does not dissolve gold or platinum, but aqua regia dissolves them.

Q. By fractional distillation, only

68

H N O_{3}

can be formed. Further increasing concentration is not possible. Give reason.

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Nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by the distillation of a dilute solution of HNO3. State the reason. [2 MARKS]

Nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by the distillation of a dilute solution of $H N O_{3}$ . State the reason. [2 MARKS]