Nitric oxide violates the octet rule because __________.

It has more than 8 electrons around the nitrogen atom.

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It has an unpaired electron.

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Both its atoms have negative formal charges.

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It forms a double bond instead of a single bond.

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Solution

The correct option is B
It has an unpaired electron.

Some elements, most notably nitrogen, can form compounds that do not obey the octet rule. One class of such compounds are those that have an odd number of electrons. As the octet rule requires eight electrons around each atom, a molecule with an odd number of electrons must disobey the octet rule. Molecules with unpaired electrons are termed 'free radicals’.

The Lewis structure of a molecule must depict the total number of valence electrons from all the atoms which are bonded together.

Nitric oxide has the formula NO. The total number of valence electrons is 5+6=11. Therefore, no matter how electrons are shared between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, there is no way for nitrogen to have an octet. It will have seven electrons, assuming that the oxygen atom does satisfy the octet. Nitric oxide (NO) is an example of a stable free radical. It does not obey the octet rule on the nitrogen atom. Each line around the atoms represents a pair of electrons.

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