Note: Answer the question on the basis of information given below:

“Stability of carbocations depends upon the electron releasing inductive effect of groups adjacent to positively charged carbon atom involvement of neighbouring groups in hyperconjugation and resonance.”

Which of the following ions is more stable? Use resonance to explain your answer.

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Solution

The resonance involves delocalisation of $π -$ electrons or non-bonding electrons. Generally, resonance is a stabilising process.

One of the conditions of the resonance is that atoms involved in resonance must be coplanar.

Structure $A$ is more planar so it is stabilized by resonance while structure $B$ is non-planar so no resonance is possible in structure $B .$

So, structure $A$ will be more stable than structure $B .$

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A carbocation is a group of atoms with a positively charged carbon atom having six electrons in the valence shell after sharing. Carbocations are formed in the heterolysis of a bond and are planar species. Stability of carbocation is determined by inductive effect, hyperconjugation and resonance effect. Greater the number of contributing structures more is the stability of a Carbocation. Electron releasing groups (+I effect) increases the stability of a carbocation whereas the electron withdrawing groups (I effect) have an opposite effect.

Which of the following is most stable carbocation?

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