Question

Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters. a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens b) Considers the recommendation of the Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange c) Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake -

Answer 1

a)Ministry of Finance (Lok Sabha)

• Members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people. Hence the real power is exercised by the Lok Sabha on behalf of the people.
• All the money that the Governments have is controlled by the Parliament.
• In the majority of the countries, only when the Parliament sanctions, the Government can spend the public money.
• When it comes to money matters, it is the Lok Sabha which can exercise more powers.
• Rajya Sabha cannot reject any money-related law or budget of the Government, once it is passed in Lok Sabha.
• The Rajya Sabha can suggest changes in the law or delay it by 14 days; these changes may or may not be accepted by the Lok Sabha.
• Both houses of the Parliament must pass ordinary laws.
• A joint session of both the houses of the Parliament takes place when there is a difference between the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

b)Parliament

• The Parliament of India consists of Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha and the President is also included.
• Hence without the assent given by the President, none of the laws made in the Houses can come into force.

c)Supreme Court

• Indian Judiciary consists of the District Courts, High Courts for the states, Supreme Court for the entire nation. Judiciary is nothing but all the courts in India functioning at different levels in India.
• The decision taken by the Supreme Court of India is binding on all other courts of India.
• The Supreme Court can take up any dispute that arises between the state governments and the central government.
• The Supreme Court can take up any dispute that arises between two or more state governments.
• The Supreme Court can take up any dispute that arises between the Government and the citizens.
• The Supreme Court can take up any dispute that arises between citizens.
• Neither the Legislature nor the Executive can control the Judiciary in India.

d)Executive

• The executive in India is made up of two categories.
• The political executive is the category of people who are elected by the people through the electoral process.
• This category is made up of all the political leaders.
• Civil services or the permanent executive are the people who are appointed on a long-term basis. Civil servants are the people working in civil services.
• Even when the political executive keeps changing due to the elections, the permanent executive will continue working.