When you touch the pole with your tongue, the water on your tongue freezes. Since the surface of your tongue is not perfectly smooth, all your little surface irregularities are now stuck in ice, which is stuck to the pole. Since the pole is a relatively efficient conductor of heat, all the warmth from your tongue trying to heat up the water gets stolen away by the metal.
a metal pole dissapates heat very quickly (this is why pans heat up and cool down quickly whereas something like water does not). So...the heat from your body is rapidly dissipated through saliva into the pole and this makes the water cold enough to freeze. Its essentially an ice crystal stuck to you and the pole (or lots of them).