Question

Oncogenes are

• A. Extra genes sometimes present in certain eukaryotes
• B. Protogenes which due to mutation have lost their ability to maintain a normal rate of cell division
• C. Extra genes that get incorporated into the embryo during fertilisation
• D. Additional genes present in an individual do not have an impact on cell division

Answer 1

The correct option is B Protogenes which due to mutation have lost their ability to maintain a normal rate of cell division

An oncogene develops due to mutation in proto-oncogenes. Proto oncogenes are genes that normally help cells to grow. They are required to maintain a normal rate of cell division. However, when this gene mutates or changes, or there are too many copies of it, then this gene turns rogue. Proto oncogene, now altered remains permanently turned on or activated overpowering the normal cells which are programmed to undergo apoptosis, i.e. rapid cell death. When these critical functions of the proto-oncogene get compromised, cells go out of control causing cancer.