Ores mined from the earth are usually contaminated with large amounts of impurities also known as _______.
Impurities found in ores mined from the earth are also known as gangue. It usually consists of soil, sand, stones, and other minerals.
For example, galena, an ore of lead, is usually found in large pieces within its gangue, so it does not normally need extensive processing to remove it; but cassiterite, the chief ore mineral of tin, is usually disseminated as very small crystals throughout its gangue, so when it is mined from hard rock, the ore-bearing rock first needs to be crushed very fine.