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Question
Out of benzene, m–dinitrobenzene and toluene which will undergo nitration most easily and why?
Out of benzene, m–dinitrobenzene and toluene which will undergo nitration most easily and why?
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Solution
The ease of nitration depends on the presence of electron density on the compound to form nitrates. Nitration reactions are examples of electrophilic substitution reactions where an electron-rich species is attacked by a nitronium ion (NO2−).
Now, CH3− group is electron donating and NO2− is electron withdrawing. Therefore, toluene will have the maximum electron density among the three compounds followed by benzene.
On the other hand, m - Dinitrobenzene will have the least electron density. Hence, it will undergo nitration with difficulty. Hence, the increasing order of nitration is as follows:
The ease of nitration depends on the presence of electron density on the compound to form nitrates. Nitration reactions are examples of electrophilic substitution reactions where an electron-rich species is attacked by a nitronium ion (NO2−).
Now, CH3− group is electron donating and NO2− is electron withdrawing. Therefore, toluene will have the maximum electron density among the three compounds followed by benzene.
On the other hand, m - Dinitrobenzene will have the least electron density. Hence, it will undergo nitration with difficulty. Hence, the increasing order of nitration is as follows:
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