Out of the following how many groups are meta directing on electrophilic substitution of benzene?
$- C O O H, - C N, - N H_{2} - C O C H_{3}, - N H C O C H_{3}, - O H, - C H O, - S O_{3} H, - C l, - N O_{2}$

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Solution

Due to the presence of some groups, the electron density decreases on ortho and para positions. So, the electron density on meta position is relatively higher than ortho and para positions. Thus, these groups directs the electrophilic substitution on meta position.
Meta directing groups among the given groups are:
$- C O O H, - C N, - C O C H_{3}, - C H O, - S O_{3} H, - N O_{2}$

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