The correct option is B Archaeology
'The study of ancient societies ' is called Option D, 'Archaeology'. Option A, 'History' is the study of past events. Option B, 'Anthropology.' is the study of human societies and cultures. Option C, 'Ethnology'. is the study of characteristics of different people and their relationships. Thus, the options A, B and C are incorrect and the correct option is Option D, Archaeology.