The changes in technology and society which led to an increase in readers in the eighteenth century were manifold. The creation of libraries, cost-cutting printing techniques, and hiring of books of an hourly basis allowed readership to expand beyond the aristocratic class. Socially, as the markets for books grew, novelists were free of aristocratic patronage, and could now explore different dimensions of society in their novels. For example, the life of women and the working class. All this led to an obvious increase in the number of people who read books in the eighteenth century in Europe.