Outline the principles of refining of metals by the following methods :
(i) Zone refining
(ii) Vapour phase refining

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Solution

(i) Zone refining : This method is based upon the principle that the impurities are more soluble in the melt than in the solid state of the metal.

(ii) Vapour phase refining : In this method crude metal is made free from impurities by first converting it into a suitable volatile compound by treating it with a specific reagent at a lower temperature and then decomposing the volatile compdund at some higher temperature to give the pure metal.

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Outline the principles of refining of metals by the following methods:

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Out line the principles of refining metals by the following method:

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