P4+3NaOH+3H2O⟶3Na(H2PO2)+PH3 is an example of:
Disproportionation reaction
0P4+3NaOH+3H2O⟶3Na(H2+1PO2)+−3PH3
Clearly, this is a disproportionation reaction. On the left hand side, elemental Phosphorus has oxidation state 0. In PH3 oxidation state of Phosphorus is -3. In Sodium hypophosphite, the oxidation state of Phosphorus is +1.