calicumchloroide,calicum bromide,calicumiodide are soluble in water while calicumfluoride is insoluble in water. why?
calicumchloroide,calicum bromide,calicumiodide are soluble in water while calicumfluoride is insoluble in water. why?
The solubility of a salt in water depends upon the lattice energy of the solid and the hydration energy of the ions. An ionic compound will be soluble in water if its hydration energy is more than lattice energy. If the lattice energy exceeds the ionic energy, then the compound is insoluble.
Lattice energy of an ionic compound depends upon the charge on the ions of the salt. More is the charge on ions, more is the lattice energy and lesser is the solubility of the salt in water. The lattice energy for calcium fluoride is the highest among the given calcium halides as charges on the involved ion (that is Ca2+ and F-) is more. So the in case of calcium fluoride, the lattice energy is more than the hydration energy, because of which it is less soluble in water than other calcium halides (that is calcium chloride, calcium bromide and calcium iodide).
The solubility of a salt in water depends upon the lattice energy of the solid and the hydration energy of the ions. An ionic compound will be soluble in water if its hydration energy is more than lattice energy. If the lattice energy exceeds the ionic energy, then the compound is insoluble.
Lattice energy of an ionic compound depends upon the charge on the ions of the salt. More is the charge on ions, more is the lattice energy and lesser is the solubility of the salt in water. The lattice energy for calcium fluoride is the highest among the given calcium halides as charges on the involved ion (that is Ca2+ and F-) is more. So the in case of calcium fluoride, the lattice energy is more than the hydration energy, because of which it is less soluble in water than other calcium halides (that is calcium chloride, calcium bromide and calcium iodide).
