1) In a democratic country like India, two categories make up the executive. One is elected by the people for a specific period commonly termed as political executive and another category is people appointed on a long term basis called the permanent executive or civil services
2) While political leaders fall under the first category, political executive and persons working in civil services called as civil servants fall under the second category, the permanent executive
3) Civil servants remain in office even when the ruling party changes. They are officers who assist ministers in their day – to – day administrative activities.
4) The civil servants are educated and have more expert knowledge about the subject. For instance, the advisors working in the Finance Ministry know more about Economics than the Finance Minister.
5) The ministers take the advice of experts on technical matters but the overall decision depends only on the Minister.