Question

distinguish between: chemical industry and textile industry

paper and cement industry

pre independence and post independence iron and steel industry in india

Answer 1

S.No.	Pre independence iron and steel industry	Post-independence iron and steel industry
1	Before 1800 A.D. iron and steel industry was located where raw materials, power supply and running water were easily available.	After 1950, iron and steel industry began to be located on large areas of flat land near sea ports. This is because by this time steel works had become very large and iron ore had to be imported from overseas.
2	Before 1947, there was only one iron and steel plant in the country – Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO). It was privately owned.	After Independence, the government took the initiative and set up several iron and steel plants.
3	TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, near the confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand.	Later on Sakchi was renamed as Jamshedpur. Geographically, Jamshedpur is the most conveniently situated iron and steel centre in the country.

S.No.	Chemical Industry	Textile Industry
1	The Chemical industry in India is fast growing and diversifying.	Textile industries are the older industries in the country.
2	Chemical industries are classified into organic and inorganic sectors.	The textile industry can be divided on the basis of raw materials (fibres) used in them. Fibres can be natural or man-made.
3	Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid nitric acid, alkalies, soda ash and caustic soda. These industries are widely spread over the country.	Natural fibres are obtained from wool, silk, cotton, linen and jute. Man-made fibres include nylon, polyester, acrylic and rayon.
4	Organic chemicals include petrochemicals and these plants are located near oil refineries or petrochemical plants.	Easy availability of raw material, land, labour, climate, road and railway network and ports determine the locality of textile industry.
5	Basic chemicals undergo processing to further produce other chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly for consumer markets.	In case of the textile industry the inputs may be cotton, human labour, factory and transport cost. The processes include ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing. The output is the shirt we wear.