how a carbide ion is formed as a carbon atom only shares electrons so how it can gain four electrons to form a carbide ion?

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Solution

Carbide ion can be formed by carbon with highly electropositive elements like alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. The energy required for formation of carbide ion is very high thus it can be achieved only by reaction with highly electropositive elements.
It is not necessary that carbon will only share electrons. However in most of the cases we do observe that carbon share electron because that is more energy efficient than taking up the electrons for it. But if sufficient energy is provided then carbon can accept electrons to form anion.

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