how a sodium ion differs from sodium atom?

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Solution

A sodium ion is a cation which is formed when a neutral gaseous sodium atom loses an electron. As sodium atom loses an electron a total positive charge of +1 is assigned to the sodium atom.
The total number of electrons in a sodium atom is 11, whereas as a result of losing an electron the total number of electrons in a sodium ion is 10. A sodium atom attains a stable outermost shell configuration when it loses an electron to form a sodium ion.

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