French colonised Vietnam in the later part of the 19th century and French domination was very strong in the military and economic sphere of Vietnamese life. The French also tried to influence the cultural aspect of the Vietnamese. The French first landed in Vietnam in 1858 and by mid-1880s had established firm control on the northern part of Vietnam. They also defeated the Chinese forces in the Franco - Chinese War and took control of Tonkin and Annam. In 1887, French Indo-China was established. Thus, within three decades the French established strong control over Vietnam.