how is soil alkaline?

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Solution

Soil is alkaline due to the presence of Sodium carbonate in it. This is present due to the one of the following reasons :
1) Natural Weathering of soil
2) Irrigation

Therefore when soil is added in the water , the solution becomes alkaline due to the dissociation of Na⁺ ion present in Na₂CO₃.
Na+ forms NaOH in the solution and also CO₂ is evolved when Na₂CO₃ reacts with water.

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