Question

How non- flowering plants reproduce ?

Answer 1

Non flowering plants includes- algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms.
The methods of reproduction found in these plants are as under:

Non flowering plants perform both asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction: Does not involve gamete formation.

1. Spore formation
2. Vegetative reproduction like fragmentation, cutting etc.

Sexual reproduction: Involves gametes.
All plants perform sexual reproduction. However, in algae, bryophytes and pteridophytes, sexual reproduction produces sexual spores while in the gymnosperms, it results in the formation of naked seeds.