Question

how the dark reaction and the light reation are independent on each other?

Answer 1

Light reaction directly depends on light. Products of light reaction are ATP, NADPH, CO₂ and H₂O. Light reaction takes place within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. Dark reaction is independent of light occuring in the stroma of chloroplast but deals with the products of light reaction. Dark reaction is the biosynthetic phase in which ATP and NADPH is used to fix CO₂ into sugar molecules. So both the processes are inter-related. We can not say that they are independent of each other.