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Question

Let a,b,c,d,e be natural numbers in an arithmetic progression such that a+b+c+d+e is the cube of an integer and b+c+d is the square of an integer.What is the least possible value of the number of digits of c?Justify.

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Solution

Given a, b, c ,d, e are natural number and in AP so2c=a+e=b+d......1and a+b+c+d+e=x3 assumeand b +c+d=y2such that a+e= x3-y2.......2Using equation 1, c= x3-y22Now the value of x3,y2 should be choosen such that c is natural number taking x3,y2 as 8 and 4 we get, c=2 but then a, b will not be natural So taking x3 as 27 and then for y2 we may have 1, 4, 9, 16, 25But y2 cannot be 1, 4, 16, 25 for the same reason mentioned above,So y2 =9Hence c = 27-92=9So c is single digit number.

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