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Question
phenol is a weak acid.what substitutionin the molecules can make it a stronger acid and a weaker acid?
phenol is a weak acid.what substitutionin the molecules can make it a stronger acid and a weaker acid?
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Solution
Phenol loses the H+ ion from the hydroxyl group to form phenoxide ion, which is stabilised by conjugation on the benzene ring.
Presence of electron withdrawing groups at ortho & meta position enhance the stability of phenoxide ion thus making it stronger acid
e.g p-nitrophenol is stronger than phenol
On the contrary, presence of electron donating groups at o & p position destabilise the phenoxide ion by positive inductive effect making it a weaker acid.
e,g. p-methoxy phenol is a weaker acid than phenol
Phenol loses the H+ ion from the hydroxyl group to form phenoxide ion, which is stabilised by conjugation on the benzene ring.
Presence of electron withdrawing groups at ortho & meta position enhance the stability of phenoxide ion thus making it stronger acid
e.g p-nitrophenol is stronger than phenol
On the contrary, presence of electron donating groups at o & p position destabilise the phenoxide ion by positive inductive effect making it a weaker acid.
e,g. p-methoxy phenol is a weaker acid than phenol
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