There are various methods to avoid pregnancy some are as follows:
1). Sterilization method which is most effective method that includes vasectomy in males and tubectomy ligation in females.
2). Using Implantable contraceptives in reproductive parts.
3). By using hormonal contraceptives like oral pills, hormonal injections etc.
4). Using physical barriers like condom etc.
Tubectomy is a surgical sterilization procedure in females where oviducts are cut and tied. It blocks the fallopian tubes and does not allow the egg to reach the uterus. Hence the egg is not available for fertilization.