Question

what genetics principles could be derived from a monohybrid cross ?

Answer 1

Two genetic laws can be derived from monohybrid cross:
(a) Law of dominance: It states that a character is represented by two contrasting alleles. Out of the two contrasting alleles, only one is able to express its effect in individual. It is called dominant allele. The other allele which does not show its effect in the heterozygous individual is called recessive allele.
(b) Law of segregation: It states that the two contrasting alleles of a character present in an individual keep their identity distinct, separate at the time of gametogenesis, get randomly distributed to different gametes and then get paired again in different offsprings as per the principle of probability.