Question

there are many similiarities in the way in which modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in india and in east africa

Answer 1

The hardships of pastoralists and the colonial policies against pastoralism were same in the colonial India or Africa. In both these regions the grazing were being converted into cultivable lands. Pastorals had to seek the permission of the authorities to graze their cattle. Large forest areas were converted into reserved lands.

This lead to a steep reduction in the grazing lands which bought severe hardships for the pastoralists. Many had to migrate to regions where good pastures were available. There was a scarcity of food and earnings which led to severe famines and claimed many lives.