1) Though Vietnam gained formal independence in 1945 much before India it remained under the control of different rulers like that of Chinese, French, Americans etc
2) Much of its richest natural resources, cultural heritage, traditions, education were suppressed and dominated by such foreign rulers
3) Through the efforts and struggle of different sections of society, nationalist leaders like Ho Chi Minh, NLF etc Vietnam gained independence and became Republic of Vietnam after 3 decades that is in 1975
ā