Question

what are mendel's law of heredity and evolution

Answer 1

Mendel's Laws of Genetics
Mendel did his experiment on Pea plant (Pisum sativum) for more than 8 years by taking seven contrasting features of pea plant. He reproduced pea plant by several methods or crosses that he termed as monohybrid cross (dealing with one character at a time) and dihybrid cross (dealing with two different characters at a time). On the basis of observations and findings of different progeny of pea plant that he found, he postulated some laws that are still very useful in understanding the mechanism of inheritance and heredity. These are as follows:

1. Law of Dominance: In heterozygous condition, one of the factors expresses itself (Dominant character) and prevents the expression of other factor (Recessive character).

2. Law of Segregation: During gamete formation the factor of every character segregates/separates. Each gametes has one factor of every character which is always pure.

3. Law of Independent Assortment:

When two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, one pair of character segregates independent of the other pair of character. In a dihybrid cross between two plants having round yellow (RRYY) and wrinkled green seeds (rryy), four types of gametes (RY, Ry, rY, ry) are produced. Each of these segregate independent of each other, each having a frequency of 25% of the total gametes produced.