Energy together with matter, time and space emerges out in the form of very small units or package called as quanta and on which the concept Quantum is arise (this is basically the observed structure of the universe). We know that energy is released in quantum of photon. Such as an electron has a quantum mass and a proton has quantum mass. As well as both has a quantum charge. Even, neutron has a quantum mass and the speed of light is a quantum.
So, we can say that a quantum of energy is a quantity of energy that a quantum system will acknowledge.