Question

What was the economic and political crisis faced by the Mughals?

Answer 1

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CRISIS FACED BY THE MUGHALS

​Though the Mughal Empire attained successes in the seventeenth century, it started facing many crisis at the end of that century. Some of the reasons for this crisis were :

1) Emperor Aurangzeb fought a long war in Deccan. This resulted in insufficient military and financial resources.
2) The successors of Aurangzeb could not administer properly and failed to have a control on the 'mansabdars'.
3) Though governors (subadars) were given political, economic and military powers, they combined their control over the provinces. So the periodic payment of revenue to the capital was reduced.
4) As the tax rates were raised, revolts were crushed by peasant and zamindari rebels.
5) The emperors who came after Aurangzeb, could not control the transfer of political and economic authority to the provincial governors and local chieftains.
6) During this severe crisis, Nadir Shah from Iran attacked Delhi in 1739 and took away large amounts of wealth.
7) Ultimately, the Mughal Empire was dominated by the two major groups called the Iranis and Turanis.
8) The authority in the hands of governors and zamindars led the Mughal Empire to break into a number of independent, regional states.