WHEN WE APPLY POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (BATTERY)ACROSS THE ENDS OF A CONDUCTOR THEN WHAT HAPPENS INSIDE THE BATTERY AND OUTSIDE.?WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE ELECTRONS REACH POSITIVE TERMINAL?
WHEN WE APPLY POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (BATTERY)ACROSS THE ENDS OF A CONDUCTOR THEN WHAT HAPPENS INSIDE THE BATTERY AND OUTSIDE.?WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE ELECTRONS REACH POSITIVE TERMINAL?
At the 2 poles of a battery, positive or negative electric charges are gathered. So there'll be electric field existing within the battery. This filed is neutralised by the chemical power of the battery so the electric charges will stay at the poles.
Since there are electric charges at both poles, there must also be electric fields outside the battery. there definitely is electric field reshaping in the conductor, but there are surface charge accumulations along the conductor which maintain the electric field in the direction of the conductor. (Note: it is a surface charge distribution since any extra charge on a conductor will reside on the surface.) It is the change in, or gradient of, the surface charge distribution on the wire that creates, and determines the direction of, the electric field within a wire or resistor.
For instance, the surface charge density on the conductor near the negative terminal of the battery will be more negative than the surface charge density on the wire near the positive terminal. The surface charge density, as you go around the circuit, will change only slightly along a good conducting wire (Hence the gradient is small, and there is only a small electric field). Corners or bends in the conductor will also cause surface charge accumulations that make the electrons flow around in the direction of the conductor instead of flowing into a dead end. The larger gradient in surface charge distribution near the resistor causes the relatively larger electric field in the resistor (as compared to the wire). The direction of the gradients for all the aforementioned surface charge densities determine the direction of the electric fields.
At the 2 poles of a battery, positive or negative electric charges are gathered. So there'll be electric field existing within the battery. This filed is neutralised by the chemical power of the battery so the electric charges will stay at the poles.
Since there are electric charges at both poles, there must also be electric fields outside the battery. there definitely is electric field reshaping in the conductor, but there are surface charge accumulations along the conductor which maintain the electric field in the direction of the conductor. (Note: it is a surface charge distribution since any extra charge on a conductor will reside on the surface.) It is the change in, or gradient of, the surface charge distribution on the wire that creates, and determines the direction of, the electric field within a wire or resistor.
For instance, the surface charge density on the conductor near the negative terminal of the battery will be more negative than the surface charge density on the wire near the positive terminal. The surface charge density, as you go around the circuit, will change only slightly along a good conducting wire (Hence the gradient is small, and there is only a small electric field). Corners or bends in the conductor will also cause surface charge accumulations that make the electrons flow around in the direction of the conductor instead of flowing into a dead end. The larger gradient in surface charge distribution near the resistor causes the relatively larger electric field in the resistor (as compared to the wire). The direction of the gradients for all the aforementioned surface charge densities determine the direction of the electric fields.
