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Uses of metals and nonmetals

Why are lithi...

Question

Why are lithium salts commonly hydrated and these of the other alkali ions usually anhydrous?

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Solution

Dear student!
Due to the smallest size of Li⁺ ion amongst all the alkali metals it can easily attract the water molecule and get that polarized as a result the water molecules get attached to the lithium-cations and the product formed contains water of crystallization.
But the other alkali metal cations have larger size and so they do not get hydrated and form anhydrous compounds.

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Why are lithium salts commonly hydrated and those of the other alkali metal ions usually anhydrous?

Q. Assertion :Lithium salts are mostly hydrated. Reason: The hydration enthalpies of alkali metal ions decrease with increase in ionic sizes.

Q. Consider the following statements:
1.

C s^{+}

is more highly hydrated than the other alkali metal ions.
2. Among the alkali metals

L i, N a, K

R b

, lithium has the highest melting point.
3. Among the alkali metals only lithium forms a stable nitride by direct combination.
Out of these statements:

Q. Are all the hydrated salts crystalline? What are anhydrous salts?

Q. Assertion :The lithium-ion itself, and also its compounds, are more heavily hydrated than those of the rest of the group members. Reason: The

L i^{+}

is smallest among alkali metals and polarise water molecules more easily than the other alkali metal ions.

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Uses of metals and nonmetals

Standard VIII Chemistry

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