why half filled andfull filled orbitals are stable?
why 4s is filled before 3d?
{n+l} rule?

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Solution

Half filled and fully filled orbital are stable in nature. It is due to the following reasons:
symmetrical distribution of electrons
Zero magnetic moment
Larger exchange energy ( details about this will be dealt with in higher classes.
4s is filled before 3d because the energy of 4s is lower than 3d which can be understood by (n+l) rule.
That subshell which has higher (n + l) value will have higher energy and vice-versa. If (n+l) rule fails then check the value of n. Higher the value of n higher will be the energy and vice-versa.

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