The correct option is D All of the above
The periderm is the secondary protective dermal tissue that replaces the epidermis during growth in thickness of stems and roots of gymnosperms and dicotyledons (i.e., secondary growth). Unlike typical epidermis, the periderm is a multilayered tissue system, the bulk of which usually constitutes the cork or phellem, phellogen or cork cambium and phelloderm.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.