Question

Pineal gland is not related with:

• A. Body temperature
• B. Defence capability
• C. Immunity
• D. Metabolism

Answer 1

The correct option is C Immunity

Some of the functions along with their respective glands are listed below:

S.No.	Function	Gland
1	Body temperature	Hypothalamus, pineal gland
2	Defence capability	Pineal gland
3	Metabolism	Thyroid, pineal gland, adrenal gland, testis
4	Immunity	Thymus gland

Pineal secretes a hormone called melatonin. Melatonin plays a very important role in the regulation of a 24-hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body. For example, it helps in maintaining the normal rhythms of sleep-wake cycle, body temperature. In addition, melatonin also influences metabolism, pigmentation, the menstrual cycle as well as our defense capability.

The hypothalamus contains a number of centres which control body temperature, urge for eating and drinking. limbic system. Along with the hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of sexual behaviour, expression of emotional reactions (e.g., excitement, pleasure, rage and fear), and motivation.

Thyroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of the basal metabolic rate. These hormones also support the process of red blood cell formation. Thyroid hormones control the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Maintenance of water and electrolyte balance is also influenced by thyroid hormones.

Adrenal glands secrete corticoids, which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism are called glucocorticoids. In our body, cortisol is the main glucocorticoid.

Androgens from testis produce anabolic (synthetic) effects on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.