Question

Pinus seed cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because

• A. its seeds contain inhibitors that prevent germination
• B. its embryo is immature
• C. it has obligate association with mycorrhyzae
• D. it has very hard seed coat

Answer 1

The correct option is C it has obligate association with mycorrhyzae

Pinus is a gymnosperm with an obligate mycorrhizal association.

Mycorrhiza is the mutual association between fungi and roots of higher plants. This fungal association with the roots of Pinus increases surface area and in turn increases minerals & water absorption by the plant.

The fungus also benefits from this association and gets food from Pinus.

Therefore, mycorrhizal association is obligatory for seed germination of Pinus.