Question

Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because:

• A. Its embryo is immature
• B. It has an obligate association with mycorrhizae
• C. It has a very hard seed coat
• D. Its seeds contain inhibitors that promote germination

Answer 1

The correct option is B

It has an obligate association with mycorrhizae

The correct option is B.

Explanation of the correct option:

1. The fungal association is compulsory for Pinus seed germination.
2. Mycorrhizal association with the roots of Pinus increases the surface area of the plant for absorption of water and minerals.
3. It also provides disease resistance.

Explanation of the incorrect options:

Option A:

The embryo of Pinus is not immature.

Option C:

Pinus seeds have a hard testa and thin tegmen.

Option D:

Pinus seeds do not contain germination inhibitors.

Final answer: Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because they have an obligate association with mycorrhizae.