Dry springs and summers can be disastrous for crops, causing poor germination, reduced growth rates and lower yields.
Planting field edge or in-field shelter belts can help protect plants against drought by modifying the microclimate around the crop, reducing wind speeds which can remove moisture from the air.
Trees can also help extend the growing season for grass
Water Management
Even modest increases in tree and hedge cover can increase water infiltration, which means surface water run-off is reduced and the rate that rainwater reaches streams and rivers is slowed.
This reduces peak flows in the water course and could potentially reduce the risk of flooding downstream.
Cut Pollution
Pollution is costly to farms and the environment. According to the Environment Agency, soil erosion costs about £21m/year in water treatment, with about 25% of phosphates and 50% of nitrates in rivers coming from agricultural sources.
About 90% of the ammonia emitted in the UK is from agriculture, mainly from the breakdown of excreted urea from livestock.
Ammonia can damage sensitive habitats and water courses, as well as impact on the health of farm workers and livestock.
Trees can help by creating a physical barrier to reduce spray drift, capture pollutants and ammonia from livestock units.
Trees provide habitat for Pollinators
There are a number of reasons for the decline in pollinators across Europe, but loss of habitat has been identified as one of the most significant.
Trees, hedges and plants which grow in shelter belts provide important over-winter refuges, nesting sites and pollen and nectar feeding sources for pollinators throughout the year.
Pollinators have been found to use shelter belts as “highways”, which they browse and settle along, so providing regularly-spaced trees and shelter belts can help overcome the ecological deserts which occur in the middle of large, arable monocultures.