The correct option is A Mutation
Mutation is the process by which a nucleotide gets altered in a DNA sequence. Mutation in the non-coding part of germ cells passes on to the next generation. As it has little effect on the organism itself, mutation keeps on accumulating across generations and over a period of time gives rise to polymorphism.
Polymorphism serves as a raw material for evolution and forms the basis for genetic diversity.
Allelic exclusion is a process by which only one allele of a gene is expressed while the other allele is silenced. Example - immunoglobulin gene.