Polyphosphates like sodium hexametaphosphate (calgon) are used as water softening agents because they:

form soluble complexes with anionic species

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precipitate anionic species

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form soluble complexes with cationic species

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precipitate catatonic species.

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Solution

The correct option is C form soluble complexes with cationic species
Polyphosphates like sodium hexametaphosphate (calgon) form souble complex with cations like $C a^{2 +}$ and $M g^{2 +}$ present in hard water and hence are used as water softening agents.
$N a_{6} P_{6} O_{18} \to 2 N a^{+} + N a_{4} P_{6} O_{18}^{2 -}$
$M^{2 +} + N a_{4} P_{6} O_{18}^{2 -} \to [N a_{2} M P_{6} O_{18}]^{2 -} + 2 N a^{+}$

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