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B
Emission of hazardous radio-nuclides
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C
Disposal of radioactive waste
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D
All of the above
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Solution
The correct option is D All of the above Some thermal power stations exchange 60 to 70% of their thermal energy by cycling with a body of water or by evaporating water through a cooling tower.
This thermal efficiency creates more waste heat. Most commercial nuclear power plants release gaseous and liquid radiological effluents into the environment as a byproduct.
The nuclear fission of uranium-235 produces large quantities of intermediate mass radioisotopes. The mass distribution of these radioisotopes peaks at about mass numbers 95 and 137 , and most of them are radioactive. The most dangerous for environmental release are cesium and strontium because of their intermediate half-lives and entry in the food chain.